Process for producing gasoline



` Feb. 2ML 1923 l www E. M. HYATT.

PROCESS FOR PHODUCING GASOLINE. msn Auml. 192|.

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-EMERSN IVI. HYATT, 0F WARREN, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO. HENRY IB. TAYLOR, 0F WARREN, PENNSYLVANIA.

PROCESS IIE'OIIRPBUDUCING GASOLINE.

Application iled'iugust 31, 1921. Serial No. 497,171.

To all who/nait mary concern Be it known that l, .EMERSON M. HYATT, a citizen of the United States, residing at WVarren, in the county of Warren and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes for Froducing Gasoline, of which thev following is a specification.

My invention relates to a process of cracking oils of high boiling points, such as fuel cil, kerosene, still bottoms, etc., for produc-V ing an oil of a low boiling point, such as gasoline. 4

The object of the `invention is to provide a simple and economical process for producing the maximum amount of gasoline, which may be obtained from fuel oil or the. like, and at the same time produce a gasoline of a high grade.

@ther objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description.

'lhe drawing is a diagrammatic view of apparatus which may be preferably employed in the practice of my process.

ln the drawings, the numeral 10 desige nates a still receptacle or tank, which is preferably constructedof iron and adapted to withstand 150 pounds pressure to the square inch. The numeral 11 designates a chlorine supply pipe, preferably discharging into the bottom of the still tank 10, and leading into av chlorine supply tank 12, which may be supported uponv a suitable scale 13', if desired. 'lhe pipe 11 is provided adjacentto the chlorine tank 12 with a cut-ofi' valve 14:, and also has a'check valve 15, opening in the direction of its arrow. rlhe numeral 16 designates a fuel oil tank, having connection with an outlet pipe 17, which leads into the still tank 10, as shown. 'llhe pipe 17 has a cut-ofi;l valve 18', as shown. A drain pipe 19 is connected with the bottom of the still pipe 10 and has a cut-off valve 20. The still tank/10 may be heated by any suitable' means, such as by means of a burner 21, adapted to use oil or any other suitable fuel. An escape pipe 22 is connected with the top of they tank 10, and has a cut-0H' valve 23 connected therein. An acidvapor outlet vpipe 24:' is connected in the escape pipe 22 and has a cut-off valve 25 connected therein. The vaporized hydrochloric vacid to be referred to, passes through this pipe 24C, and is collected in a suitable receptacle. Untvburner 21 or other suitable means.

wardly of the cut-off valve 23 an escape valve 26 is connected in the escape pipe 22, and has a pipe 27 connected therewith. The" escape valve 26 may be set to open at any' selected pressure, to permit the gases to pass from pipe 22 into pipe 27, and l have found it advantageous to have the escape valve 26 adapted to open at pressures varying from '75 to 150 lbsqto the square inch. rlhe pipe 27 leads to the coil 28 of a condensor, of any well known or preferred type, and this condensor discharges into a closed collecting tank 29. rlhis tank has an outlet pipe 30, equipped with a cut-off valve 31. The pipe discharges into a still 32, of any well known or preferred construction. rllhis` Y still is heated by any well known means, andthe produc-ts of distillation pass through a pipe 33, as is well known.

ln the practice of my process, l may introduce a suitable amount ofthe fuel oil into the still tank 10, by opening the valve 18, subsequently to which this valve is closed. l may introduce for instance ten barrels containing fifty gallons. Of course the volume of oil treated will depend entirely upon the capacity of the apparatus employed. l next openthe chlorine valve 14, and the liquid chlorine. in the tank 12 will vaporize and pass through to pipe 11., into the oil contained within the tank 10, the oil preferably lling about two-thirds of the tank. l preferably employ from 1 to 10 pounds of the liquid chlorine for each barrel of oil of fifty gallons,'and ll would therefore introduce from ten to one hundred pounds of the liquid chlorine into the tank 10, in accordance with the present illustration. @f course this amount of liquid chlorine may be widely varied, as may be found advantageous. rThe tank 12 being supported upon a scale` 12,- the number of pounds of liquidchlorine employed may be readily ascertained. ll/he valve 14 is now closed and the tank 10 is heated by the operation of the rlhe contents of the tank 10 is now heated preferably from about 200 F. to 350 E, so that the contents will be subjected to a pressure within the tank from 7 5 to 150 pounds per square inch. `lhe oil andv chlorine mixture are preferably'subjected to 'this heat and pressure for from 12 to 48 hours while this time may be varied considerably, as may be found` advantageous.

At the end of this period of from 12 to 4:8 hoursthe valve 25 is opened, and the excess hydrochloric acid vapor, which is formed during the treatment of the oil, as above explained, is released and discharges from the pipe- 24 to an absorption tower, preferably containing moist scrap iron or other absorbent. After this excess hydrochloric acid vapor has been thus removed, the valve 25 is closed, land the still heated to from 650 F. to 750o F., which is the ordinary cracking temperature and the pressure within the still will be raised to from seventy five to one hundred and fifty pounds per square inch. This heat and pressure is maintained throughout. the distillation period. The valve 23 is now opened and the escape valve 26 adjusted to open at from seventy five to one hundred and fifty pounds, as may be desired. The valve is preferably s0 adjusted' that the products of distillation are allowed to escape through the pipe 27 at the rate of from 5%.to 10% per hour, with respect to the entire volume of the oil being treated. The cracking or decomposition of the fuel oil takes place in the vaporized condition, in the upper portion of the still tank 10, and these vapors are cracked'and produce hydrochloric acid, gasoline, kerosene, and heavy oil. This vaporized mixture passing the relief valve 26,.as above explained, will pass into the condenser coil 2S, and hence into the collecting tank 29, in the liquid form. By opening the valve 3l this liquid mixture will pass to still 32. In this still the liquid mixture is subjected to the action of heat, in the well known inanneinffor fractional distillation. rI`he gasoline having an acid reaction first passes through the pipe 33, and the other products are brought over ,in their order. The gasoline may be treated 1n the usual manner, such as being agitated with a caustic soda solution, and subsequently washed in water.

I have found that my process Will produce from to 70% of gasoline from the fuel oil treated, such gasoline having a gravity of 60 B. y

It is to be understood that the form of my invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same, and that various changes may be resorted `to in the order of the steps ofthe process, and changes made in the application of heat and pressure, and that chemical equivalents may be employed, without departing from the spirit of my invention, or

the scope ofthe subjoined claims.

aving -t-hus described my invention, I claim: 1.'The herein described process of producing gasoline from fuel oil, which con-y sists 1n first subjecting the fuel oil tothe action of chlorine gas in the presence of heat beneath the cracking tempera-ture and pres- 1,445,ese

sure for a suitable period, withdrawing the excess hydrochloric acid gas produced, then subjecting the mass to a further treatment of a' cracking temperature and pressure for a suitable period for effecting the decomposition of the fuel oil, withdrawing the vapors from the presence of the mass being treated, causing the vapors to be condensed, and subjecting the condensed vapors to fractional distillation for separating out the gasoline 2. The herein described process of producing gasoline from oils having high boiling points, which consists in first subjecting such. oils to the action of chlorine gas in the presence of heat beneath the cracking temperature and pressure for a suitable period, withdrawing the excess hydrochloric acid gas produced, then subjecting the mass to a further treatinent of a cracking temperature and pressure for a suitable period for effecting the decomposition of said oils, withdrawing the vapors from the presence of the mass being treated, causing the vapors to be condensed, and subjectingthe condensed vapors to fractional distillation for separating out the gasoline obt ined.

3. rlhe herein describe process of producing gasoline from fuel oil, which consists in first subjecting. t-he fuel oil to the action of chlorine gas without the presence of a catalytic agent inthe presence of heat beneath the usual cracking temperature and pressure for a suitable period, withdrawing the cx` cess hydrochloric acid produced, then subjecting the mass thus treated to the action of a cracking temperature in the presence of-pressure for a suitable period for eilecting the decomposition of the oil, withdrawing the vapors from the presence of the mass and recovering the gasoline constituent. from said vapors.

4. .The herein described process of producing gasoline fron'i oils having high boiling points, which consists in subjecting approximately 50 gallons of oils of high boiling pointsto the action of chlorine gas derived from l to 10 pounds 4of liquid chlorine,-

and heating the mass while subjected to the action of the vaporized chlorine, withdrawing the excess hydrochloric acid produced, subjecting the mass toa further treatment of heat and pressure, withdrawing the vapors from the presence of the mass being treated, causing the vapors to be condensed, andsubjecting the condensed vapors to the action of fractional distillation for separating out the gasoline obtained.

5. The herein described process of producing gasoline from oils having high boiling points, which consists in subjecting approximately fifty gallons of such oils to the action of chlorine gas. derived from l to l0 pounds of liquid chlorine, in the presence of heat and pressure, said heat being from 200o 1F. to 4350" F., and the pressure from 7 5 to 150 pounds per square inch, such operation continuing for from twelve to fortyeight hours, withdrawing the excess hydrochloric acid gas produced, then heating the mass to from 650 F. to 750 F.,- and maintaining a pressure of from 75. to 150 pounds,

per square inch, and allowing the gases produced to escape While maintaining this pressure, condensing the gases thus escaping, lo

and subjecting the condensed gases to fractional distillation to separate out the gasoline obtained.

ln testimony whereof l aiix my signature.

EMERSON M. HYATT. 

